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Islamic geometric patterns are derived from simpler designs used in earlier cultures: Greek, Roman, and Sasanian. They are one of three forms of Islamic decoration , the others being the arabesque based on curving and branching plant forms, and Islamic calligraphy ; all three are frequently used together.
Early examples of Islamic geometric patterns made of straight strap lines can be seen in the architecture of the surviving gateway of the Ribat-i Malik caravanserai, Uzbekistan, built in 1078. [4] The wild application of girih on architectures should credit to the close relationship between Islamic architecture, geometry, and craft.
There is no text, but there is a grid pattern and color-coding used to highlight symmetries and distinguish three-dimensional projections. Drawings such as shown on this scroll would have served as pattern-books for the artisans who fabricated the tiles, and the shapes of the girih tiles dictated how they could be combined into large patterns.
Islamic ornament is the use of decorative forms and patterns in Islamic art and Islamic architecture. Its elements can be broadly divided into the arabesque , using curving plant-based elements, geometric patterns with straight lines or regular curves, and calligraphy , consisting of religious texts with stylized appearance, used both ...
Almost exactly the same of this pattern is found on the gate of a mosque in Varzaneh. [2] Hexagon with Kufic scripts of six time Muhammad (Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh) and three time Ali (Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib) in rotational symmetry. Some of the patterns show the application of geometric principles to Islamic traditions.
Tilings and patterns - an introduction, a paperback reprint of the first seven chapters of the 1987 original, was published in 1989. [20] In 2016 a second edition of the full text was published by Dover in paperback, with a new preface and an appendix describing progress in the subject since the first edition. [21]
Latticework designs differ from region to region, however the commonly used patterns include: Hexagonal – a simple geometric design with repeating hexagonal patterns [19] Kanaysi or Church – long narrow balusters which are assembled vertically [20] Maymoni – mesh with rounded balusters in some sections and squared balusters in other areas ...
Example of geometric pattern in the Bou Inania Madrasa of Fez. This example employs a fivefold geometric system with 10-pointed stars, while also adding visual diversity through colour. In western Islamic art, under the Nasrid and Marinid dynasties, a great variety of geometric patterns were created for architectural decoration.