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Quantile functions are used in both statistical applications and Monte Carlo methods. The quantile function is one way of prescribing a probability distribution, and it is an alternative to the probability density function (pdf) or probability mass function, the cumulative distribution function (cdf) and the characteristic function.
The quantiles of a random variable are preserved under increasing transformations, in the sense that, for example, if m is the median of a random variable X, then 2 m is the median of 2 X, unless an arbitrary choice has been made from a range of values to specify a particular quantile. (See quantile estimation, above, for examples of such ...
For the normal distribution, the lack of an analytical expression for the corresponding quantile function means that other methods (e.g. the Box–Muller transform) may be preferred computationally. It is often the case that, even for simple distributions, the inverse transform sampling method can be improved on: [ 1 ] see, for example, the ...
Such transformations are governed by a general property of quantile functions: for any quantile function = and increasing function (), = (()) is also a quantile function. [13] For example, the quantile function of the normal distribution is = + (); since the natural logarithm, () = (), is an increasing function, = + + is the quantile ...
Here F X is the cumulative distribution function of X, f X is the corresponding probability density function, Q X (p) is the corresponding inverse cumulative distribution function also called the quantile function, [2] and the integrals are of the Riemann–Stieltjes kind.
The inverse cumulative distribution function (quantile function) of the logistic distribution is a generalization of the logit function. Its derivative is called the quantile density function. They are defined as follows: (;,) = + ().
where f is the density function, and F −1 is the quantile function associated with F. One of the first people to mention and prove this result was Frederick Mosteller in his seminal paper in 1946. [8] Further research led in the 1960s to the Bahadur representation which provides information about the errorbounds.
The derivative of the quantile function, the quantile density function, for the Cauchy distribution is: ′ (;) = [()]. The differential entropy of a distribution can be defined in terms of its quantile density, [13] specifically: