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The loopback address is defined as 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 [41] and is abbreviated to ::1 by using both rules. As an IPv6 address may have more than one representation, the IETF has issued a proposed standard for representing them in text. [40]
An IPv6 address consists of 128 bits. [1] For each of the major addressing and routing methodologies, various address formats are recognized by dividing the 128 address bits into bit groups and using established rules for associating the values of these bit groups with special addressing features.
The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...
Mapping of Address and Port (MAP) is a Cisco IPv6 transition proposal which combines A+P port address translation with tunneling of the IPv4 packets over an ISP provider's internal IPv6 network. [37] MAP-T [38] and MAP-E [39] entered standards track in July 2015, and Sky Italia has deployed MAP-T in its internet services as early as year 2021. [40]
The Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) is a protocol based on the Domain Name System (DNS) packet format that allows both IPv4 and IPv6 hosts to perform name resolution for hosts on the same local link.
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A port at the software level is identified for each transport protocol and address combination by the port number assigned to it. The most common transport protocols that use port numbers are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP); those port numbers are 16-bit unsigned numbers.
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