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Saint Peter, the first Pope, with the Keys of Heaven.By Francesco del Cossa, currently at the Pinacoteca di Brera.. Papacy in early Christianity was the period in papal history between 30 AD, when according to Catholic doctrine, Saint Peter effectively assumed his pastoral role as the Visible Head of the Church, until the pontificate of Miltiades, in 313, when Peace in the Church began.
According to numerous records of the early Church Fathers, Peter was present in Rome, was martyred there, and was the first bishop of Rome. Dogma and traditions of the Catholic Church maintain that he served as the bishop of Rome for 25 years until 67 AD when he was martyred by Nero [7] (further information: Great Fire of Rome).
The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571 (4 vols. Philadelphia, 1976–1984) Sotinel, Claire. "Emperors and Popes in the Sixth Century". in The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, ed. Michael Maas (Cambridge UP, 2005). Sullivan, Francis (2001). From Apostles to Bishops: The Development of the Episcopacy in the Early Church. New York ...
The Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod states about the Pope and the Catholic Church: [48] There are two principles that mark the papacy as the Antichrist. One is that the pope takes to himself the right to rule the church that belongs only to Christ. He can make laws forbidding the marriage of priests, eating or not eating meat on Friday ...
Orthodoxy and the Roman papacy: Ut Unum Sint and the prospects of East-West unity. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 978-0-268-02607-3. Chapman, John (1928). Studies on the early Papacy. London: Sheed & Ward. OCLC 422117622. Empie, Paul C.; Murphy, T. Austin, eds. (1974). Papal primacy and the universal church. Lutherans and ...
The writings of several Early Church fathers contain references to the authority and unique position held by the bishops of Rome, providing valuable insight into the recognition and significance of the papacy during the early Christian era. [76]
Those fathers who wrote in Latin are called the Latin (Church) Fathers. In the Catholic Church tradition, Ambrose (AD 340–397), Jerome (347–420), Augustine of Hippo (354–430), and Pope Gregory I (540–604) are four Latin Church Fathers each who are called the "Great Church Fathers". [47] [48]
The Orthodox Christian position is that all members of the church are called to be 'rock'; just as the church is built on the foundation of all the Apostles (Ephesians 2:20), all are called to be stones (1Peter 2:4–9). Protestant Matthew Henry's bible commentary notes this too when he states "The church is built upon the foundation of the ...