Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
In even more generality, arithmetic surfaces can be defined over Dedekind schemes, a typical example of which is the spectrum of the ring of integers of a number field (which is the case above). An arithmetic surface is then a regular fibered surface over a Dedekind scheme of dimension one. [2]
The Weil pairing is an important concept in elliptic curve cryptography; e.g., it may be used to attack certain elliptic curves (see MOV attack). It and other pairings have been used to develop identity-based encryption schemes.
For the base category, let C be the category of schemes of finite type over a fixed field k. Then Vect n {\displaystyle \operatorname {Vect} _{n}} is the category where an object is a pair ( U , E ) {\displaystyle (U,E)} of a scheme U in C and a rank- n vector bundle E over U
The statement that this is the only quadratic pairing function is known as the Fueter–Pólya theorem. [9] Whether this is the only polynomial pairing function is still an open question. When we apply the pairing function to k 1 and k 2 we often denote the resulting number as k 1, k 2 . [citation needed]
Among other statements, Poitou–Tate duality establishes a perfect pairing between certain Shafarevich groups.Given a global field , a set S of primes, and the maximal extension which is unramified outside S, the Shafarevich groups capture, broadly speaking, those elements in the cohomology of (/) which vanish in the Galois cohomology of the local fields pertaining to the primes in S.
In mathematics, specifically algebraic geometry, a scheme is a structure that enlarges the notion of algebraic variety in several ways, such as taking account of multiplicities (the equations x = 0 and x 2 = 0 define the same algebraic variety but different schemes) and allowing "varieties" defined over any commutative ring (for example, Fermat curves are defined over the integers).
In algebraic geometry, a level structure on a space X is an extra structure attached to X that shrinks or eliminates the automorphism group of X, by demanding automorphisms to preserve the level structure; attaching a level structure is often phrased as rigidifying the geometry of X.
The Grothendieck topology should be strong enough so that the stack is locally affine in this topology: schemes are locally affine in the Zariski topology so this is a good choice for schemes as Serre discovered, algebraic spaces and Deligne–Mumford stacks are locally affine in the etale topology so one usually uses the etale topology for ...