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A second common application of non-breaking spaces is in plain text file formats such as SGML, HTML, TeX and LaTeX, whose rendering engines are programmed to treat sequences of whitespace characters (space, newline, tab, form feed, etc.) as if they were a single character (but this behavior can be overridden).
In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh;. or &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form.
Use the empty-element syntax only for elements specified as empty in HTML. Include an extra space in empty-element tags: for example < br /> instead of < br />. Include explicit close tags for elements that permit content but are left empty (for example, , not < div />). Omit the XML declaration.
For example, a space character (U+0020 SPACE, ASCII 32) represents blank space such as a word divider in a Western script. A printable character results in output when rendered, but a whitespace character does not. Instead, whitespace characters define the layout of text to a limited degree – interrupting the normal sequence of rendering ...
Also known as "thick space". One third of an em wide. HTML/XML named entity:  , LaTeX: \; (the LaTeX thick space is a no-break space) four-per-em space: U+2005: 8197 Yes: No Common: General Punctuation: Separator, space Also known as "mid space". One fourth of an em wide. HTML/XML named entity:   six-per-em space: U+2006: 8198 Yes ...
In the written form of many languages, indentation describes empty space, a.k.a. white space, used around text to signify an important aspect of the text such as: Beginning of a paragraph; Hierarchy – subordinate concept; Quotation; Many computer languages use block indentation to demarcate blocks of source code.
The zero-width space can be used to mark word breaks in languages without visible space between words, such as Thai, Myanmar, Khmer, and Japanese. [ 1 ] In justified text, the rendering engine may add inter-character spacing, also known as letter spacing, between letters separated by a zero-width space, unlike around fixed-width spaces.
en space: U+2002: 8194 Yes: No Common: General Punctuation: Separator, space Also known as "nut". Width of one en. U+2000 En Quad is canonically equivalent to this character; U+2002 is preferred. HTML/XML named entity:  , LaTeX: \enspace (the LaTeX en space is a no-break space) em space: U+2003: 8195 Yes: No Common: General Punctuation ...