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Iran, [a] [b] officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) [c] and also known as Persia, [d] is a country in West Asia.It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
However, by the time he ascended to power, the Mongol Empire had already dissolved, dividing into different factions. Arriving with an army, he established himself in the region and founded the Ilkhanate, a breakaway state of the Mongol Empire, which would rule Iran for the next eighty years and become Persian in the process.
The region later served as the political and cultural base of the Eastern Iranian Parni people and Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD). The Sasanian Empire, the last state of pre-Islamic Iran, also held the region and maintained the seven Parthian clans as part of their feudal
The Islamization of Iran began with the Muslim conquest of Iran, when the Rashidun Caliphate annexed the Sasanian Empire. It was a long process by which Islam , though initially rejected, eventually spread among the Persians and the other Iranian peoples .
Mamalik-i Mahrusa-yi Iran (Guarded Domains of Iran) was the common and official name of the Safavid realm. [42] [43] The idea of the Guarded Domains illustrated a feeling of territorial and political uniformity in a society where the Persian language, culture, monarchy, and Shia Islam became integral elements of the developing national identity. [44]
Iran crisis: The Soviet Union withdrew from Iran. 11 December: Iran regained control over the territory of the Azerbaijan People's Government. 15 December: Iran conquered Mahabad. 1953: August: Mohammad Mosaddegh is overthrown in a coup engineered by the British and American intelligence services.
The Rashidun caliphate or the early caliphate, [3] was the first Islamic state under the name of Caliphate, which appeared on the day of the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 8 June 632 CE (28 Safar 11 AH) [4] and it lasted until the year 661 CE (40 AH).
The concept had previously been used in the form of Eranshahr, the official name of Iran under the Sasanian Empire (224–651), which promoted the concept of Iran as a protected political unit ruled by the state and with a distinct geographical region. Iran's loss of territory under the Qajars in the 19th century led to a new understanding of ...