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Coagulation cascade: It is a series of enzymatic reactions that lead to the formation of a stable blood clot. The endothelial cells release substances like tissue factor, which triggers the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. This is called as "secondary hemostasis". [20]
The two arms of the contact system. PKa's cleavage of HK liberates BK and promotes inflammation. FXIIa's cleavage of FXI initiates coagulation. In the contact activation system or CAS, three proteins in the blood, factor XII (FXII), prekallikrein (PK) and high molecular weight kininogen (HK), bind to a surface and cause blood coagulation and ...
Fibrinolysis is a process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic. [1] Primary fibrinolysis is a normal body process, while secondary fibrinolysis is the breakdown of clots due to a medicine, a medical disorder, or some other cause.
A simplified illustration demonstrates clot breakdown (fibrinolysis), with blue arrows denoting stimulation, and red arrows inhibition. tPA and plasmin are the key enzymes of the fibrinolytic pathway in which tPA-mediated plasmin generation occurs.
Illustration comparing normal artery with diseased artery with a blood clot. It was suggested over 150 years ago that thrombus formation is a result of abnormalities in blood flow, vessel wall, and blood components. This concept is now known as Virchow's triad. The three factors have been further refined to include circulatory stasis, vascular ...
The coagulation cascade. Factor XII (FXII, Hageman factor) is a plasma glycoprotein of approximately 90 kDa and is part of the coagulation cascade. It activates factor XI and prekallikrein in vitro. FXII is activated to FXIIa by negatively charged surfaces such as glass, initiating the intrinsic pathway. [12]
Coagulation cascade. When a blood vessel ruptures or gets injured, factor VII comes into contact with tissue factors which starts a process called the blood coagulation cascade. Its purpose is to stop bleeding and repair tissue damage. When this process is too active due to various problems the risk of blood clots or embolisms increases.
Therefore, although the coagulation cascade can be triggered in vitro through the intrinsic pathway only, in vivo coagulation is triggered by the extrinsic pathway. However, the model better describing how coagulation works is the so-called cell-based model, a more integrated picture of the whole process, in which phospholipid surfaces, such as ...