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Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from their food to sustain their metabolism, including their muscular activity. [ 1 ] Most animals derive most of their energy from aerobic respiration , namely combining the carbohydrates , fats , and proteins with oxygen from air or dissolved in water . [ 2 ]
Fruits A-F Food Measure Grams Calories Protein Carb Fiber ... Sugar, beet or cane: 1 cup: 200: 770: 0: 199: 0: 0: 0 ... Food energy; Food groups;
Granulated sugar provides energy in the form of calories, but has no other nutritional value. In human nutrition, empty calories are those calories found in foods and beverages (including alcohol) [1] composed primarily or solely of calorie-rich macronutrients such as sugars and fats, but little or no micronutrients, fibre, or protein.
A food pyramid is a representation of the optimal number of servings to be eaten each day from each of the basic food groups. [2] The first pyramid was published in Sweden in 1974. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The 1992 pyramid introduced by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was called the "Food Guide Pyramid" or "Eating Right Pyramid".
These reference values include water from drinking water, other beverages, and from food. About 80% of our daily water requirement comes from the beverages we drink, with the remaining 20% coming from food. [54] Water content varies depending on the type of food consumed, with fruit and vegetables containing more than cereals, for example. [55]
Fat has a food energy content of 38 kilojoules per gram (9 kilocalories per gram) proteins and carbohydrates 17 kJ/g (4 kcal/g). [ 2 ] Water makes up a large proportion of the total mass ingested as part of a normal diet but it does not provide any nutritional value.
Ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) is not an essential nutrient, but it does supply approximately 29 kilojoules (7 kilocalories) of food energy per gram. [34] For spirits (vodka, gin, rum, etc.) a standard serving in the United States is 44 millilitres ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 US fluid ounces), which at 40% ethanol (80 proof) would be 14 grams and 410 kJ (98 kcal).
Fruits contain carbohydrates, mostly in the form of non-free sugar, as well as important vitamins and minerals. Cereals and legumes, sometimes categorized as grains, is often the largest category in nutrition guides. [4] [5] [6] Cereal examples include wheat, rice, oats, barley, bread and pasta.