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Mars 1: Mars 1 (2MV-4 No.2) 1 November 1962 Soviet Union: Flyby Spacecraft failure Communications lost before first flyby: Molniya: 5 2MV-3 No.1: 2MV-3 No.1: 4 November 1962 Soviet Union: Lander Launch failure Never left LEO Molniya: 6 Mariner 3: Mariner 3: 5 November 1964: NASA United States: Flyby Launch failure Payload fairing failed to ...
This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets, but excludes lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions.
The oldest active spacecraft for Mars is 2001 Mars Odyssey. 2001 Mars Odyssey. Mission: Mars Odyssey was designed to map the surface of Mars and also acts as a relay for the Curiosity rover. [9] Its name is a tribute to the novel and 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey. Launched: 7 April 2001; Destination: Mars; Arrival: 24 October 2001 ...
NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission (MER), started in 2003, was a robotic space mission involving two rovers, Spirit (MER-A) and Opportunity, (MER-B) that explored the Martian surface geology. The mission's scientific objective was to search for and characterize a wide range of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity on Mars.
Montage of planets and some moons that the two Voyager spacecraft have visited and studied. It is the only program that visited all four outer planets. A total of nine spacecraft have been launched on missions that involve visits to the outer planets; all nine missions involve encounters with Jupiter, with four spacecraft also visiting Saturn.
The idea of sending humans to Mars has been the subject of aerospace engineering and scientific studies since the late 1940s as part of the broader exploration of Mars. [1] Long-term proposals have included sending settlers and terraforming the planet. Currently, only robotic landers and rovers have been on Mars.
Mars Pathfinder's Sojourner rover and the Mars Exploration Rovers each used this landing technique successfully. The Phoenix Scout lander descended to the surface with retro-rockets, however, their fuel was hydrazine , and the end products of the plume (water, nitrogen, and ammonia) were not found to have affected the soils at the landing site.
Imagery collected by Voyager 2 of Ganymede during its flyby of the Jovian system Galileo spacecraft encounters asteroid 243 Ida. A flyby (/ ˈ f l aɪ b aɪ /) is a spaceflight operation in which a spacecraft passes in proximity to another body, usually a target of its space exploration mission and/or a source of a gravity assist (also called swing-by) to impel it towards another target. [1]