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A polar plotter also known as polargraph or Kritzler is a plotter which uses two-center bipolar coordinates to produce vector drawings using a pen suspended from strings connected to two pulleys at the top of the plotting surface. This gives it two degrees of freedom and allows it to scale to fairly large drawings simply by moving the motors ...
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You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; ... manually coded polar zeta-graph, the plot was generated by a python program t runs from 0 to 34
Archimedean spiral represented on a polar graph The Archimedean spiral has the property that any ray from the origin intersects successive turnings of the spiral in points with a constant separation distance (equal to 2 πb if θ is measured in radians ), hence the name "arithmetic spiral".
The polar angle is denoted by [,]: it is the angle between the z-axis and the radial vector connecting the origin to the point in question. The azimuthal angle is denoted by φ ∈ [ 0 , 2 π ] {\displaystyle \varphi \in [0,2\pi ]} : it is the angle between the x -axis and the projection of the radial vector onto the xy -plane.
A useful application for this type of projection is a polar projection which shows all meridians (lines of longitude) as straight, with distances from the pole represented correctly. The flag of the United Nations contains an example of a polar azimuthal equidistant projection.
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Logarithmic spiral (pitch 10°) A section of the Mandelbrot set following a logarithmic spiralA logarithmic spiral, equiangular spiral, or growth spiral is a self-similar spiral curve that often appears in nature.