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Nonmetals show more variability in their properties than do metals. [1] Metalloids are included here since they behave predominately as chemically weak nonmetals.. Physically, they nearly all exist as diatomic or monatomic gases, or polyatomic solids having more substantial (open-packed) forms and relatively small atomic radii, unlike metals, which are nearly all solid and close-packed, and ...
The chemical elements can be broadly divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals according to their shared physical and chemical properties.All elemental metals have a shiny appearance (at least when freshly polished); are good conductors of heat and electricity; form alloys with other metallic elements; and have at least one basic oxide.
Magnesium oxide (Mg O), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide). It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg 2+ ions and O 2− ions held together by ionic bonding .
These non-acidic oxides of nonmetals may be amphoteric (like water, H 2 O [63]) or neutral (like nitrous oxide, N 2 O [64] [h]), but never basic. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons during chemical reactions, in contrast to metals which tend to donate electrons.
In the classic meaning, hydride refers to any compound hydrogen forms with other elements, ranging over groups 1–16 (the binary compounds of hydrogen). The following is a list of the nomenclature for the hydride derivatives of main group compounds according to this definition: [9] alkali and alkaline earth metals: metal hydride; boron: borane ...
The bond energy is significantly weaker than those of Cl 2 or Br 2 molecules and similar to the easily cleaved oxygen–oxygen bonds of peroxides or nitrogen–nitrogen bonds of hydrazines. [8] The covalent radius of fluorine of about 71 picometers found in F 2 molecules is significantly larger than that in other compounds because of this weak ...
A basic oxide, also called a base anhydride (meaning "base without water"), is usually formed in the reaction of oxygen with metals, especially alkali (group 1) and alkaline earth (group 2) metals. Both of these groups form ionic oxides that dissolve in water to form basic solutions of the corresponding metal hydroxide :
The aluminium oxides, oxide hydroxides, and hydroxides can be summarized as follows: aluminium oxides. corundum (Al 2 O 3) aluminium oxide hydroxides diaspore (α-AlO(OH)) boehmite or böhmite (γ-AlO(OH)) akdalaite (5Al 2 O 3 ·H 2 O) (once believed to be 4Al 2 O 3 ·H 2 O), also called tohdite; aluminium hydroxides