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"Axis of Upheaval" is a term coined in 2024 by Center for a New American Security foreign policy analysts Richard Fontaine and Andrea Kendall-Taylor and used by many foreign policy analysts, [1] [2] [3] military officials, [4] [5] and international groups [6] to describe the growing anti-Western collaboration between Russia, Iran, China and ...
The phrase "axis of evil" was first used by U.S. President George W. Bush and originally referred to Iran, Ba'athist Iraq, and North Korea.It was used in Bush's State of the Union address on January 29, 2002, less than five months after the September 11 attacks and almost a year before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and often repeated throughout his presidency.
This grouping of countries has been described in foreign policy circles as an “axis of aggressors,” “axis of upheaval,” and “CRINK” (China, Russia, Iran, North Korea).
In March 2021, the National Intelligence Council released a report that found Russia and Iran carried out operations to influence the 2020 election. [7] A declassified U.S. intelligence report released in December 2023 found with "high confidence" that a "diverse and growing group of foreign actors" including China, Russia, Iran, and Cuba had all interfered in the 2022 midterms with influence ...
Taking stock of the emerging cooperation, a Congress-backed group that evaluates US defense strategy dubbed Russia, China, Iran and North Korea this summer an “axis of growing malign ...
Under Soleimani’s direction, Iran incubated a network of proxy forces in several Arab countries which grew in the years after the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003 and has mushroomed since.
Russia's effort to expand its role in the Middle East is entwined with its relations with the Iranian-led Axis of Resistance. It is not a meaningful strategic alliance, but Russia and Iran share a common interest in preserving the government of Bashar al-Assad in Syria, [98] where Russia has military bases (e.g. at Latakia and Tartus).
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