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The data below tabulates standard electrode potentials (E°), in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), at: Temperature 298.15 K (25.00 °C; 77.00 °F); Effective concentration (activity) 1 mol/L for each aqueous or amalgamated (mercury-alloyed) species; Unit activity for each solvent and pure solid or liquid species; and
NIST WebBook A gateway to the data collection of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NASA Glenn ThermoBuild A web interface to generate tabulated thermodynamic data. Burcat's Thermodynamic Database Database for more than 3,000 chemical species. DIPPR The Design Institute for Physical Properties
Royal Society of Chemistry: from 275 data sources "ChemSpider". 88,000,000 ChemIndex: chemical database substances CAS Search; suppliers "Chemindex". Clival Database Clinical Trail Database Clinical Trail Data Solutions 50,000 molecules clinical trail data Phase 0 to IV indications "clival". CMNPD Comprehensive Marine Natural Products Database ...
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
The reaction quotient (Q r) is the ratio of the chemical activity (a i) of the reduced form (the reductant, a Red) to the activity of the oxidized form (the oxidant, a ox). It is equal to the ratio of their concentrations ( C i ) only if the system is sufficiently diluted and the activity coefficients ( γ i ) are close to unity ( a i = γ i C i ):
As of November 2015, PubChem contains more than 150 million depositor-provided substance descriptions, 60 million unique chemical structures, and 225 million biological activity test results (from over 1 million assay experiments performed on more than 2 million small-molecules covering almost 10,000 unique protein target sequences that ...
A cosmic ray proton at lower energy can also strip an electron off a neutral hydrogen molecule to form a neutral hydrogen atom and the dihydrogen cation, (+ + + +) with a peak cross section at around 8000 eV of 8 × 10 −16 cm 2. [25]
Electrochemical stripping analysis is a set of analytical chemistry methods based on voltammetry [1] or potentiometry [2] that are used for quantitative determination of ions in solution. [3] Stripping voltammetry (anodic, cathodic and adsorptive) have been employed for analysis of organic molecules as well as metal ions.