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The Soviet zone of Germany in the east, including the Soviet sector of Berlin, became the communist German Democratic Republic ("East Germany") on 7 October of the same year. [ 1 ] on 1 January 1957, the Saar Protectorate (which was separated from Germany on 17 December 1947) became a part the Federal Republic of Germany, [ 5 ] as provided by ...
They each lasted most of the year, achieved minimal gains, and drained away the best soldiers of both sides. Verdun became the iconic symbol of the murderous power of modern defensive weapons, with 280,000 German casualties, and 315,000 French. At the Somme, there were over 400,000 German casualties, against over 600,000 Allied casualties.
Men of higher social status became officers. [3] Each country devised a mobilisation system whereby the reserves could be called up quickly and sent to key points by rail. Every year the plans were updated and increased in complexity. Each country stockpiled arms and supplies for an army that ran into the millions.
German reunification: Five East German states acceded to West Germany. Berlin became the capital of Germany. 1992: 7 February: The Maastricht Treaty establishing the European Union (EU) was signed by twelve European countries including Germany. 1993: 14 May: Alliance '90/The Greens was established from the merger of Alliance 90 and the Green ...
Chancellor Max von Baden (center, in light coat) on his way to the Reichstag, 3 October 1918.. The German constitutional reforms of October 1918 (German: Oktoberreformen) consisted of several constitutional and legislative changes that transformed the German Empire into a parliamentary monarchy for a brief period at the end of the First World War.
Germany sends Russia an ultimatum. [5] July 31 Politics: Sweden announces neutrality in the conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia [6] Politics: Russia mobilizes for war. August 1 Politics: Germany declares war on Russia and mobilizes. [7] [8] [9] Western: France mobilizes. [7] Politics: Italy declares its neutrality. [10] Politics: German ...
The Saarland, which had been placed under League of Nations supervision for 15 years at the end of World War I, voted in January 1935 to become part of Germany. [58] In March 1935, Hitler announced the creation of an air force, and that the Reichswehr would be increased to 550,000 men. [ 59 ]
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."