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Ninth century Islamic commentators who invoked significant sections of the Bible in their writings include Ibn Qutaybah (d. 889) and his translation of Genesis 1–3, and Al-Qasim al-Rassi (d. 860) who included a large portion of the Book of Matthew in his Refutation of Christians. [36]
He systematically organised the arguments against the authenticity of the Biblical text in the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament of his book: chronological and geographical inaccuracies and contradictions, theological impossibilities (anthropomorphic expressions, stories of fornication and whoredom, and the attributing of sins to prophets), as ...
The Marracci edition [1] is an Arabic edition and Latin translation of the Quran from 1698. It was published in two volumes under the title Alcorani Textus Universus Arabicè et Latinè in Padua, Italy by Ludovico Marracci, an Italian Oriental scholar and professor of Arabic in the College of Wisdom at Rome.
A page of the Qur'an,16th century: "They would never produce its like not though they backed one another" written at the center. In Islam, ’i‘jāz (Arabic: اَلْإِعْجَازُ, romanized: al-ʾiʿjāz) or inimitability [citation needed] of the Qur’ān is the doctrine which holds that the Qur’ān has a miraculous quality, both in content and in form, that no human speech can ...
Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya (Arabic: العقيدة الطحاوية) or Bayan al-Sunna wa al-Jama'a (Arabic: بيان السنة والجماعة, lit. 'Exposition of Sunna and the Position of the Majority') is a popular exposition of Sunni Muslim doctrine written by the tenth-century Egyptian theologian and Hanafi jurist Abu Ja'far al-Tahawi.
A copy of the Qur'an, one of the primary sources of Sharia. The Qur'an is the first and most important source of Islamic law. Believed to be the direct word of God as revealed to Muhammad through angel Gabriel in Mecca and Medina, the scripture specifies the moral, philosophical, social, political and economic basis on which a society should be constructed.
Historically, the Twelver doctrine of taqiyya was developed by Muhammad al-Baqir (d. c. 732), the fifth of the twelve imams, [43] [44] [45] and later by his successor, Ja'far al-Sadiq (d. 765). [46] At the time, this doctrine was likely intended for the survival of Shia imams and their followers, for they were being brutally molested and ...
Avoiding interpretations that contradict Islamic beliefs - a tafsir must not contradict established Islamic theology as it will be considered invalid. Scholars must ensure their exegesis upholds the essentials of Islamic theology and philosophy, collectively known as Ilm al-Aqa'id and Ilm al-Kalam .