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The Duchy of Athens (Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, Doukaton Athinon; Catalan: Ducat d'Atenes) was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of the process known as Frankokratia, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.
It was held by the Catalans until 1388. After 1379, when Thebes was lost, Athens became the capital of the duchy again. The history of Aragonese Athens, called Cetines (rarely Athenes) by the conquerors, is obscure. Athens was a veguería with its own castellan, captain, and veguer.
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William II (1312 – 22 August 1338) was the third son of Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou.He inherited the Duchy of Athens after the death of his elder brother Manfred on 9 November 1317.
Antonio, who styled himself as "lord of Athens, Thebes, of all the duchy and its dependencies", was the longest-ruling medieval monarch of Athens. [24] Athens revived during his rule because he preferred it to Thebes (which had been the capital of the duchy for decades). [10] In 1410, he joined the Ottoman Turks to devastate Venetian Nauplia.
Nerio's troops invaded the Duchy of Athens and occupied most parts of Attica and Boeotia in 1385. [25] [26] They occupied the lower town of Athens, but could not capture the Acropolis from Dalmau's deputy, Raymond de Vilanova. [26] Historian Peter Lock says that Nerio seized Thebes from the Navarrese during the siege of the Acropolis. [4]
Duchy of Athens (1205–1458): crusader state with an ethnic Greek majority; Lordship of Argos and Nauplia (1205–1388): crusader state with an ethnic Greek majority; Lordship of Salona (1205–1410): crusader state, established after the Fourth Crusade; Duchy of the Archipelago (1207–1579): crusader state with an ethnic Greek majority