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Watts–Strogatz small-world model generated by igraph and visualized by Cytoscape 2.5. 100 nodes. The Watts–Strogatz model is a random graph generation model that produces graphs with small-world properties, including short average path lengths and high clustering.
The environmental lapse rate (ELR), is the actual rate of decrease of temperature with altitude in the atmosphere at a given time and location. [6]The ELR is the observed lapse rate, and is to be distinguished from the adiabatic lapse rate which is a theoretical construct.
In the mathematical field of algebraic graph theory, the degree matrix of an undirected graph is a diagonal matrix which contains information about the degree of each vertex—that is, the number of edges attached to each vertex. [1]
This is also referred to a k th-degree or k th-order homogeneous function. For example, a homogeneous polynomial of degree k defines a homogeneous function of degree k . The above definition extends to functions whose domain and codomain are vector spaces over a field F : a function f : V → W {\displaystyle f:V\to W} between two F -vector ...
The Rankine scale is used in engineering systems where heat computations are done using degrees Fahrenheit. [3] The symbol for degrees Rankine is °R [2] (or °Ra if necessary to distinguish it from the Rømer and Réaumur scales). By analogy with the SI unit kelvin, some authors term the unit Rankine, omitting the degree symbol. [4] [5]
The golden spiral is a logarithmic spiral that grows outward by a factor of the golden ratio for every 90 degrees of rotation (pitch angle about 17.03239 degrees). It can be approximated by a "Fibonacci spiral", made of a sequence of quarter circles with radii proportional to Fibonacci numbers .
Spectral graph theory relates properties of a graph to a spectrum, i.e., eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices associated with the graph, such as its adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix. Imbalanced weights may undesirably affect the matrix spectrum, leading to the need of normalization — a column/row scaling of the matrix entries ...
For example, there is a k(n) (approximately equal to 2log 2 (n)) such that the largest clique in G(n, 0.5) has almost surely either size k(n) or k(n) + 1. [7] Thus, even though finding the size of the largest clique in a graph is NP-complete, the size of the largest clique in a "typical" graph (according to this model) is very well understood.