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The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, [9] and the teachings of Muhammad. [10] Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.
The Naskh style of writing can be found as early as within the first century of the Islamic calendar. [2] The Naskh script was established in the first century of the Hijri calendar by order of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan due to the presence of defects in the Kufic script. [1]
Murji'ah (Arabic: المرجئة) was an early Islamic school whose followers are known in English as "Murjites" or "Murji'ites" (المرجئون). The Murji'ah emerged as a theological school in response to the Kharijites on the early question about the relationship between sin and apostasy (rida).
Various Islamic scholars contributed to the development of geography and cartography, with the most notable including Al-Khwārizmī, Abū Zayd al-Balkhī (founder of the "Balkhi school"), Al-Masudi, Abu Rayhan Biruni and Muhammad al-Idrisi. Islamic geography was patronized by the Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad.
Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries; Islamic Military Alliance; Islamic political parties. Islamic democratic. National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan (Afghanistan) Islamic Renaissance Movement (Algeria) Al-Menbar Islamic Society (Bahrain)
Tafhim-ul-Quran (Urdu: تفہيم القرآن, romanized: Tafheem-ul-Quran, lit. 'Towards Understanding the Qur'an') is a 6-volume translation and commentary of the Qur'an by the Pakistani Islamist ideologue and activist Syed Abul Ala Maududi.
A tawiz (Urdu: تعویز, Hindi: तावीज़), [1] muska , ta'wiz, or taʿwīdh (Arabic: تعويذ) is an amulet or locket worn for protection common in South Asia. [2] Tawiz is sometimes worn by Muslims with the belief of getting protection or blessings by virtue of what is in it. It is intended to be an amulet.