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Q-switching, sometimes known as giant pulse formation or Q-spoiling, [1] is a technique by which a laser can be made to produce a pulsed output beam. The technique allows the production of light pulses with extremely high peak power, much higher than would be produced by the same laser if it were operating in a continuous wave (constant output) mode.
A nitrogen laser is a gas laser operating in the ultraviolet range [1] (typically 337.1 nm) using molecular nitrogen as its gain medium, pumped by an electrical discharge. The wall-plug efficiency of the nitrogen laser is low, typically 0.1% or less, though nitrogen lasers with efficiency of up to 3% have been reported in the literature.
A laser normally produces a very narrow beam of light in a single wavelength, in this case, green. Photons, the quanta of electromagnetic radiation, are released and absorbed from energy levels in atoms and molecules. In a lightbulb or a star, the energy is emitted from many different levels giving photons with a broad range of energies.
Gain-switching is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, of the order of picoseconds (10 −12 s). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In a semiconductor laser , the optical pulses are generated by injecting many carriers ( electrons ) into the active region of the device, bringing the carrier density ...
Another style of mercury light switch uses a metal wheel with an insulator separating the two halves that has a hole which allows the mercury to connect either side of the wheel in only one position. [12] Some of these switches were also equipped with a neon lamp connected across the contacts, and thus in series with the electrical load. This ...
Emission spectrum of an ultraviolet deuterium arc lamp showing characteristic hydrogen Balmer lines (sharp peaks at 486 nm and 656 nm labeled D β and D α from left to right respectively), continuum emission in the ~160-400 nm region and Fulcher band emission between around 560 to 640 nm.
In laser science, an output coupler (OC) is the component of an optical resonator that allows the extraction of a portion of the light from the laser's intracavity beam. An output coupler most often consists of a partially reflective mirror, allowing a certain portion of the intracavity beam to transmit through.
The shank of the active and neutral pins of every 10 amp and 15 amp flat-pin plug sold after 3 April 2005 are required to be insulated, in accordance with AS/NZS 3112:2000. [ 1 ] Since 2000, the nominal voltage in most areas of Australia has been 230 V, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] except for Western Australia, which remains at 240 V, and Queensland ...