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A microwave (6 to 18 GHz) Phase Shifter and Frequency Translator. A phase shift module is a microwave network module which provides a controllable phase shift of the RF signal. [1] [2] [3] Phase shifters are used in phased arrays. [4] [5] [6]
In each image point, the phase-shift image displays the quantified phase shift induced by the object, which is proportional to the optical thickness of the object. [10] In this way measurement of the associated optical field can remedy the halo artifacts associated with conventional phase contrast by solving an optical inverse problem to ...
Figure 1: In this phase shift image of cells in culture, the height and color of an image point correspond to the measured phase shift. The phase shift induced by an object in an image point depends only on the object thickness and the relative refractive index of the object in the image point. The volume of an object can therefore be ...
This expression can be further simplified taken into account some more assumptions about the sample. If the sample is considered very thin, and a weak scatterer, so that the phase shift is << 1, then the wave function can be approximated by a linear Taylor polynomial expansion. [6] This approximation is called the Weak Phase Object Approximation.
Phase shift images Besides the ordinary bright-field image, a phase shift image is created as well. The phase shift image is unique for digital holographic microscopy and gives quantifiable information about optical distance. In reflection DHM, the phase shift image forms a topography image of the object.
X-ray absorption (left) and differential phase-contrast (right) image of an in-ear headphone obtained with a grating interferometer at 60kVp. Phase-contrast X-ray imaging or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images.
The phase-amplitude converter creates the sample-domain waveform from the truncated phase output word received from the PA. The PAC can be a simple read only memory containing 2 M contiguous samples of the desired output waveform which typically is a sinusoid. Often though, various tricks are employed to reduce the amount of memory required.
This is either done by driving the sensor with the deflection signal phase shifted by 90°, or by using an advanced phase-locked loop which can lock to a specific phase. [4] The microscope can then use the change in resonant frequency (f) as the SPM reference channel, either in feedback mode, or it can be recorded directly in constant height mode.
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