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It also puts asset-class returns into long-term historical perspective. Bernstein is a proponent of modern portfolio theory , which stands in stark contrast to the view that skilled managers can succeed in picking particular investments that will outperform the market, whether through market timing, momentum investing , or finding assets whose ...
Historical simulation in finance's value at risk (VaR) analysis is a procedure for predicting the value at risk by 'simulating' or constructing the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of assets returns over time. Unlike parametric VaR models, historical simulation does not assume a particular distribution of the asset returns. Also, it is ...
This difference between the portfolio return and the benchmark return is known as the active return. The active return is the component of a portfolio's performance that arises from the fact that the portfolio is actively managed. Different kinds of performance attribution provide different ways of explaining the active return.
Returns-based style analysis (RBSA) is a statistical technique used in finance to deconstruct the returns of investment strategies using a variety of explanatory variables. The model results in a strategy's exposures to asset classes or other factors, interpreted as a measure of a fund or portfolio manager's investment style .
Arrange the returns of N risky assets in an vector , where the first element is the return of the first asset, the second element of the second asset, and so on. Arrange their expected returns in a column vector μ {\displaystyle \mu } , and their variances and covariances in a covariance matrix Σ {\displaystyle \Sigma } .
The first stage consists of fitting a series of local factor models of the familiar form resulting in a set of factor returns f(i,j,t) where f(i,j,t) is the return to factor i in the jth local model at t. The factor returns are then fit to a second stage model of the form
Frequent asset class rebalancing and maintaining a diversified portfolio can lead to substantial costs and fees, which may reduce overall returns. Accurately predicting the optimal times to invest in or sell out of various asset classes is difficult, and poor timing can adversely affect returns.
Assets are divided into classes by type of asset or by business in which the asset is used. (See tables of classes below.) Where a general class based on the nature of the asset applies (00.xx classes below), that class takes precedence over the use class. For each class, three lives are specified: one for regular depreciation (GDS in the ...