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The median effective dose is the dose that produces a quantal effect (all or nothing) in 50% of the population that takes it (median referring to the 50% population base). [6] It is also sometimes abbreviated as the ED 50, meaning "effective dose for 50% of the population". The ED50 is commonly used as a measure of the reasonable expectancy of ...
More than 10,000 cases of potential calcium channel blocker toxicity occurred in the United States in 2010. [2] When death occurs in medicine overdose, heart medications are the cause more than 10% of time. [2] The three most common types of heart medications that result in this outcome are calcium channel blockers along with beta blockers and ...
Capsules and chewable capsules (with a coating that dissolves in the stomach or bowel to release the medication there) Time-release or sustained-release tablets and capsules (which release the medication gradually) Powders or granules; and oral liquid dosage forms: [5] Teas; Drops; Liquid medications or syrups
The EC 50 of a quantal dose response curve represents the concentration of a compound where 50% of the population exhibit a response, [5] after a specified exposure duration. For clarification, a graded dose response curve shows the graded effect of the drug (y axis) over the dose of the drug (x axis) in one or an average of subjects.
The area under the effect curve (AUEC) is an integral of the effect of a drug over time, estimated as a previously-established function of concentration. It was proposed to be used instead of AUC in animal-to-human dose translation, as computer simulation shows that it could cope better with half-life and dosing
In the early 1990s, an ALZA-funded research program began to develop a new dosage form of methylphenidate for the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [14] Methylphenidate's short half-life required multiple doses to be administered each day to attain long-lasting coverage, which made it an ideal candidate ...
The collective effective dose, dose quantity S, is calculated as the sum of all individual effective doses over the time period or during the operation being considered due to ionizing radiation. [ 1 ] : paragraph 159 It can be used to estimate the total health effects of a process or accidental release involving ionizing radiation to an ...
Lozenge—effects a metred and patient-controlled-rate combination of sublingual, buccal, and oral administration, as with the Actiq fentanyl. Effervescent buccal or sublingual tablets—this method drives the drug through the mucous membranes much faster (this is the case in the stomach with carbonated or effervescent liquids as well) and is ...