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Metformin has acid dissociation constant values (pK a) of 2.8 and 11.5, so it exists very largely as the hydrophilic cationic species at physiological pH values. The metformin pK a values make it a stronger base than most other basic medications with less than 0.01% nonionized in blood.
An amphoteric substance is one that can act as an acid or as a base, depending on pH. Water (below) is amphoteric. Water (below) is amphoteric. Another example of an amphoteric molecule is the bicarbonate ion HCO − 3 that is the conjugate base of the carbonic acid molecule H2CO3 in the equilibrium
A universal indicator is a pH indicator made of a solution of several compounds that exhibit various smooth colour changes over a wide range pH values to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. A universal indicator can be in paper form or present in a form of a solution. [1]
One litre (1000 ml) of typical Oktoberfest beer (5.5–6%) contains 5.5–6 UK units of alcohol. A beer bottle is typically between 333 and 355 ml (11.3 and 12.0 US fl oz), approximately 1.7 UK units at 5%. 375 ml (12.7 US fl oz) can of light beer (2.7% alcohol) = 0.8 Australian standard drinks
Another small study on people without diabetes who were overweight or had obesity found that those taking metformin lost between 5.6 and 6.5 percent of their body weight. In contrast, the control ...
If pH is below the pK a or pK b value, the converse is true. Usually, the color change is not instantaneous at the pK a or pK b value, but a pH range exists where a mixture of colors is present. This pH range varies between indicators, but as a rule of thumb, it falls between the pK a or pK b value plus or minus one. This assumes that solutions ...
The pH level of food influences its flavor, texture, and shelf life. [33] Acidic foods, such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, and vinegar, typically have a pH below 4.6 [34] with sharp and tangy taste, while basic foods taste bitter or soapy. [35] Maintaining the appropriate pH in foods is essential for preventing the growth of harmful ...
If you take one metformin tablet a day, it’s usually recommended that you take it with your evening meal. So, for example, the best time to take metformin 500mg once a day would be after your ...