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Charles Messier. The first edition of 1774 covered 45 objects (M1 to M45).The total list published by Messier in 1781 contained 103 objects, but the list was expanded through successive additions by other astronomers, motivated by notes in Messier's and Méchain's texts indicating that at least one of them knew of the additional objects.
Pi — Pismis (Paris Pişmiş, 1911–1999) (catalogue of 22 open star clusters and 2 globular star clusters) PK — Catalogue of galactic planetary nebulae (Perek-Kohoutek) PKS — Parkes Catalogue of Radio Sources; Platais — Imants Platais' catalogue of open star clusters; Plq — Paloque (double stars)
Charles Messier (French: [ʃaʁl me.sje]; 26 June 1730 – 12 April 1817) was a French astronomer. He published an astronomical catalogue consisting of 110 nebulae and star clusters , which came to be known as the Messier objects , referred to with the letter M and their number between 1 and 110.
M13 was chosen because it was a large, relatively close star cluster that was available at the time and place of the ceremony. [19] The cluster will move through space during the transit time; opinions differ as to whether or not the cluster will be in a position to receive the message by the time that it arrives. [20] [21]
Messier 4 or M4 (also known as NGC 6121 or the Spider Globular Cluster) is a globular cluster in the constellation of Scorpius. It was discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux in 1745 and catalogued by Charles Messier in 1764. [9] It was the first globular cluster in which individual stars were resolved. [9]
Messier 54 (also known as M54 or NGC 6715) is a globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius. [a] It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1778 and then included in his catalog of comet-like objects. It is easily found in the sky, being close to the star ζ Sagittarii.
It was discovered on May 3, 1764, [10] and was the first Messier object to be discovered by Charles Messier himself. Messier originally mistook the object for a nebula without stars. This mistake was corrected after the stars were resolved by William Herschel around 1784. [11] Since then, it has become one of the best-studied globular clusters.
Messier 34 (also known as M34, NGC 1039, or the Spiral Cluster) is a large and relatively near open cluster in Perseus. It was probably discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654 [ 4 ] and included by Charles Messier in his catalog of comet -like objects in 1764.