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Samples may become contaminated by titanium if they have line-of-sight to the pump. Also, titanium is a very hard material, so titanium film which builds up on the inside of the chamber may form flakes which fall into mechanical components (typically turbomolecular pumps and valves) and damage them. Many chambers containing TSPs also have an ...
Ion pumps; Titanium sublimation pumps; Non-evaporable getter (NEG) pumps; Cryopumps; Diffusion pumps, especially when used with a cryogenic trap designed to minimize backstreaming of pump oil into the systems. Turbo pumps and diffusion pumps rely on supersonic attack upon system molecules by the blades and high speed vapor stream, respectively.
A sublimatory [1] [2] or sublimation apparatus is equipment, commonly laboratory glassware, for purification of compounds by selective sublimation. In principle, the operation resembles purification by distillation , except that the products do not pass through a liquid phase .
Titanium and niobium are good materials. Solders are sometimes unavoidable for soft-soldered joints. Tin-lead solders (Sn50Pb50, Sn60Pb40, Sn63Pb37) can be conditionally used when the apparatus is not to be baked and operating temperatures aren't elevated (lead tends to outgas).
[79] A 2023 review "discusses the electrochemical principles involved in the recovery of metals from aqueous solutions and fused salt electrolytes", with particular attention paid to titanium. While some metals such as nickel and copper can be refined by electrowinning at room temperature, titanium must be in the molten state and "there is a ...
Getter pump or sorption pump In laboratory vacuum systems, the bulk NEG getter is often held in a separate vessel with its own heater, attached to the vacuum system by a valve, so that it can be replaced or renewed when saturated. [8] Ion getter pump Uses a high voltage electrode to ionize the gas molecules and drive them into the getter surface.
Kids will get a kick out of the sprightly and silly Puss in Boots: The Last Wish – but really, this one is for the millennials.Antonio Banderas’s pint-sized feline rogue, with his thigh-high ...
A heat press is used to permanently apply a heat transfer to a surface. Common transfer types are Heat Transfer Vinyl cut with a vinyl cutter, Printable Heat Transfer Vinyl, Inkjet Transfer Paper, Laser Transfer Paper, Plastisol Transfers, and Sublimation. Using a Heat Press to apply a heat transfer is a way to ensure accurate time, temperature ...