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The Edo period police apparatus utilized a multi-layered bureaucracy which employed the services of a wide variety of Japanese citizens. High and low ranking samurai, former criminals, private citizens and even citizen groups ( Gonin Gumi ) participated in keeping the peace and enforcing the laws and regulations of the Tokugawa shogunate.
A Law Reference Collection, 2011, ISBN 1624680003 and ISBN 978-1-62468-000-7 Trinxet, Salvador. Trinxet Reverse Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations and Acronyms , 2011, ISBN 1624680011 and ISBN 978-1-62468-001-4 .
Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3536-5. Katzenstein, Peter J (1996). Cultural Norms and National Security: Police and Military in Postwar Japan. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8332-8. Botsman, Daniel V (2004). Punishment and Power in the Making of Modern Japan. Princeton University Press.
In a few California cities (the San Gabriel Valley city of Duarte, for example), the Department of Public Safety usually is restricted to code enforcement officers or animal control service agents (especially when those cities contract out for law enforcement with the county sheriff's office).
Rank attained by Cadets upon successful completion of the training academy, responsible for field law enforcement patrol or specialized or technical law enforcement function. A Cadet is a new recruit, and is the rank held by all personnel while assigned as a student at the training academy. These personnel do not wear rank insignia.
A law enforcement officer (LEO), [1] or police officer or peace officer in North American English, is a public-sector or private-sector employee whose duties primarily involve the enforcement of laws, protecting life & property, keeping the peace, and other public safety related duties. Law enforcement officers are designated certain powers ...
The general concept of "good order and discipline" in military law dates back to 17th century England, when the first Articles of War were established for the British Army and the Royal Navy.
In Jacksonville, Florida, the CSO is regarded as an entry-level position to law enforcement for high school graduates, because the department requires police officers to be at least 21 and have a bachelor's degree, or associate degree and four years of active military or law-enforcement experience. CSOs are expected to attend college (tuition ...