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Scouring agents are the cleaning agents that remove the impurities from the textiles during the scouring process. While these are now industrially-produced, scouring agents were once produced locally; lant or stale urine and lixivium , a solution of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes , were among the earliest scouring agents.
The removal of these natural coloring matters and add-ons during the previous state of manufacturing is called scouring and bleaching. [2]: 193 [3] [4] [5] A continuous bleaching range is a set of machines to carry out bleaching action. It consists of several compartments in which fabric moves from one side to another with the help of guide ...
Lapping machine. Lapping is a machining process in which two surfaces are rubbed together with an abrasive between them, by hand movement or using a machine.. Lapping often follows other subtractive processes with more aggressive material removal as a first step, such as milling and/or grinding.
Paint stripper or paint remover is a chemical product designed to remove paint, finishes, and coatings, while also cleaning the underlying surface. Chemical paint removers are advantageous because they act on any kind of geometry and they are cheap. They can however be slow acting. [1]
Chemical finishes are chemicals that may alter the properties of the treated fabrics. [1] Finishes may vary from aesthetic to special purposes. [2] Examples of chemical finishes are: Fabric softeners impart soft hand feel to the treated fabrics. [3] Silk surfacing a surface finishing of cotton to obtain an appearance similar to silk. [8]
A lace fabric is lightweight openwork fabric, patterned, either by machine or by hand, with open holes in the work. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often lace is built up from a single thread and the open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric. lamé
Textiles themselves are too fragile to survive across millennia; the tools used for spinning and weaving make up most of the prehistoric evidence for textile work. The earliest tool for spinning was the spindle, to which a whorl was eventually added. The weight of the whorl improved the thickness and twist of the spun thread.
One takes great care to remove any surface defects in the metal, like pits, that could allow bacteria to grow. A #4 dairy or sanitary finish is produced by polishing with a 180–240 grit belt or wheel finish softened with 120–240 grit greaseless compound or a fine non woven abrasive belt or pad. #6 Finish. Also known as a fine satin finish.