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  2. Cell cycle checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle_checkpoint

    Chk1/2 phosphorylate cdc25 which, in addition to being inhibited, is also sequestered in the cytoplasm by the 14-3-3 proteins. 14-3-3 are upregulated by p53, which, as previously mentioned, is activated by Chk1 and ATM/ATR. p53 also transactivates p21, and both p21 and the 14-3-3 in turn inhibit cyclin B-cdc2 complexes through the ...

  3. p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P53_upregulated_modulator...

    The p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) also known as Bcl-2-binding component 3 (BBC3), is a pro-apoptotic protein, member of the Bcl-2 protein family. [5] [6] In humans, the Bcl-2-binding component 3 protein is encoded by the BBC3 gene. [5] [6] The expression of PUMA is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53.

  4. p53 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P53

    p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) are crucial in vertebrates , where they prevent cancer formation. [ 5 ]

  5. p21 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P21

    p21 Cip1 (alternatively p21 Waf1), also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or CDK-interacting protein 1, is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) that is capable of inhibiting all cyclin/CDK complexes, [5] though is primarily associated with inhibition of CDK2.

  6. Retinoblastoma protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoblastoma_protein

    19645 Ensembl ENSG00000139687 ENSMUSG00000022105 UniProt P06400 P13405 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000321 NM_009029 RefSeq (protein) NP_000312 NP_000312.2 NP_033055 Location (UCSC) Chr 13: 48.3 – 48.6 Mb Chr 14: 73.42 – 73.56 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated Rb or pRb ; gene name abbreviated Rb, RB or RB1) is a tumor ...

  7. Tumor suppressor gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_suppressor_gene

    p53 mutations can function as a dominant negative, meaning that a mutated p53 protein can prevent the function of the natural protein produced from the non-mutated allele. [9] Other tumor-suppressor genes that do not follow the two-hit rule are those that exhibit haploinsufficiency, including PTCH in medulloblastoma and NF1 in neurofibroma.

  8. p21-activated kinases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P21-activated_kinases

    p21 activated kinases (PAKs) are members of a family of enzymes. [1] They serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins CDC42 and Rac and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. Members include: PAK1, regulating cell motility and morphology [2] PAK2, possibly playing a role in apoptosis [3]

  9. YouTube Premium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_Premium

    YouTube Premium (formerly Music Key and YouTube Red) is a subscription service offered by the American video platform YouTube. The service provides ad-free access to ...