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PhF behaves rather differently from other halobenzene derivatives owing to the pi-donor properties of fluoride. For example, the para position is more activated than benzene toward electrophiles. For this reason, it can be converted to 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene with relatively high efficiency. [3]
Haloanilines Fluoroaniline; Chloroaniline; Bromoaniline; Iodoaniline; Haloanisoles Fluoroanisole; Chloroanisole; Bromoanisole; Iodoanisole; Halobenzaldehydes
Halobenzene derivatives (4 C, 1 P) Halobenzenes (5 C, 1 P) I. Iodobenzene compounds (2 C) This page was last edited on 1 February 2024, at 18:51 (UTC). Text is ...
For example, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene reacts in basic solution to give a phenol. Unlike in most other substitution reactions, fluoride is the best leaving group, and iodide the worst. [ 16 ] A 2018 paper indicates that this situation may actually be rather common, occurring in systems that were previously assumed to proceed via S N Ar mechanisms.
One classic reaction is the Chichibabin reaction (Aleksei Chichibabin, 1914) in which pyridine is reacted with an alkali-metal amide such as sodium amide to form 2-aminopyridine. [ 6 ] In the compound methyl 3-nitropyridine-4-carboxylate, the meta nitro group is actually displaced by fluorine with cesium fluoride in DMSO at 120 °C.
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PHF is a three letter acronym meaning: Paired Helical Filaments , a term for aggregations of protein in the brain, in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease The Pakistan Hockey Federation , national governing body for field hockey
The +M effect, also known as the positive mesomeric effect, occurs when the substituent is an electron donating group. The group must have one of two things: a lone pair of electrons, or a negative charge. In the +M effect, the pi electrons are transferred from the group towards the conjugate system, increasing the density of the system.