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Stoic philosopher and writer Diodotus the Stoic (c. 130–59 BC) Stoic teacher of Cicero who lived in Cicero's house Geminus of Rhodes (c. 110–c. 40 BC) Astronomer and mathematician Athenodoros Cordylion (c. 130–60 BC) Librarian at Pergamon, lived with Cato: Apollonius of Tyre (philosopher) (fl. 50 BC) Stoic philosopher who wrote a ...
Zeno of Citium (/ ˈ z iː n oʊ /; Koinē Greek: Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς, Zēnōn ho Kitieus; c. 334 – c. 262 BC) was a Hellenistic philosopher from Citium (Κίτιον, Kition), Cyprus. [3] He was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens from about 300 BC.
Epictetus (/ ˌ ɛ p ɪ k ˈ t iː t ə s /, EH-pick-TEE-təss; [3] Ancient Greek: Ἐπίκτητος, Epíktētos; c. 50 – c. 135 AD) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. [4] [5] He was born into slavery at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present-day Pamukkale, in western Turkey) and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece, where he spent the rest of his life.
Stoicism considers all existence as cyclical, the cosmos as eternally self-creating and self-destroying (see also Eternal return). Stoicism does not posit a beginning or end to the Universe. [32] According to the Stoics, the logos was the active reason or anima mundi pervading and animating the entire Universe. It was conceived as material and ...
Aristo came to be regarded as a marginal figure in the history of Stoicism, but in his day, he was an important philosopher whose lectures drew large crowds. [26] Eratosthenes , who lived in Athens as a young man, claimed that Aristo and Arcesilaus were the two most important philosophers of his age. [ 27 ]
The most famous fragment [3] describes Stoic cosmopolitanism through the use of concentric circles in regard to oikeiôsis. Hierocles describes individuals as consisting of a series of circles: the first circle is the human mind, next comes the immediate family, followed by the extended family, and then the local community.
Zeno was a pupil of Chrysippus, [1] and when Chrysippus died c. 206 BC, he succeeded him to become the fourth scholarch of the Stoic school in Athens. [2]According to Diogenes Laërtius, he wrote very few books, but left a great number of disciples. [1]
Ancient Greek philosophy began in Miletus with the pre-Socratic philosopher Thales [1] [2] and lasted through Late Antiquity. Some of the most famous and influential philosophers of all time were from the ancient Greek world, including Socrates , Plato and Aristotle .