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Packed bed reactors are reactor vessels containing a fixed bed of catalytic material, they are widely used in the chemical process industry and find primary use in heterogeneous, gas-phase, catalytic reactions. The advantages of using a packed bed reactor include the high conversion of reactants per unit mass of catalyst, relatively low ...
A real plug flow reactor has a residence time distribution that is a narrow pulse around the mean residence time distribution. A typical plug flow reactor could be a tube packed with some solid material (frequently a catalyst). Typically these types of reactors are called packed bed reactors or PBR's.
A trickle-bed reactor (TBR) is a chemical reactor that uses the downward movement of a liquid and the downward (co-current) or upward (counter-current) movement of gas over a packed bed of particles. It is considered to be the simplest reactor type for performing catalytic reactions where a gas and liquid (normally both reagents) are present in ...
The Archimedes number is applied often in the engineering of packed beds, which are very common in the chemical processing industry. [3] A packed bed reactor, which is similar to the ideal plug flow reactor model, involves packing a tubular reactor with a solid catalyst, then passing incompressible or compressible fluids through the solid bed. [3]
A bubble column reactor is a very simple device consisting of a vertical vessel filled with water with a gas distributor at the inlet. Due to the ease of design and operation, which does not involve moving parts, they are widely used in the chemical , biochemical, petrochemical , and pharmaceutical industries to generate and control gas-liquid ...
To calculate the pressure drop in a given reactor, the following equation may be deduced: = + | |. This arrangement of the Ergun equation makes clear its close relationship to the simpler Kozeny-Carman equation, which describes laminar flow of fluids across packed beds via the first term on the right hand side.
A moving bed reactor has a fluid phase that passes up through a packed bed. Solid is fed into the top of the reactor and moves down. It is removed at the bottom. Moving bed reactors require special control valves to maintain close control of the solids. For this reason, moving bed reactors are less frequently used than the above two reactors.
A fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions. In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a solid granular material (usually a catalyst) at high enough speeds to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid.