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Roughcast or pebbledash is a coarse plaster surface used on outside walls that consists of lime and sometimes cement mixed with sand, small gravel and often pebbles or shells. [1] The materials are mixed into a slurry and are then thrown at the working surface with a trowel or scoop.
Exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) is a general class of non-load bearing building cladding systems that provides exterior walls with an insulated, water-resistant, finished surface in an integrated composite material system. EIFS has been in use since the 1960s in North America and was first used on masonry buildings.
A curtain wall is an exterior covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, instead serving to protect the interior of the building from the elements. Because the curtain wall façade carries no structural load beyond its own dead load weight, it can be made of lightweight materials.
While the standard double glazing is most widely used, triple glazing is not uncommon, and quadruple glazing is produced for cold environments such as Alaska or Scandinavia. [17] [18] Even quintuple and six-pane glazing (four or five cavities) is available - with mid-pane insulation factors equivalent to walls. [19] [20] [21]
An external wall insulation system (or EWIS) is a thermally insulated, protective, and decorative exterior cladding procedure involving the use of expanded polystyrene, mineral wool, polyurethane foam or phenolic foam, topped off with a reinforced cement based, mineral or synthetic finish and plaster. [2]
John Wellborn Root Jr. (July 14, 1887 – October 24, 1963) was a significant United States architect based in Chicago.He was the son of architect John Wellborn Root.As a young man, he graduated from Cornell University and studied architecture at Paris' École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, where he became friends with John Augur Holabird, the son of another famous Chicago architect.
Development of a site mixed render is the factory made render. All the render ingredients are dry blended together in a modern factory, creating a powdered product which can be supplied in bags. When the product is delivered to site the plasterer just needs to mix the product with water and apply it to the wall.
His idea, which he called mur neutralisant (neutralizing wall), involved the insertion of heating/cooling pipes between large layers of glass. Such a system was employed in his Villa Schwob ( La Chaux-de-Fonds , Switzerland, 1916), and proposed for several other projects, including the League of Nations competition (1927), Centrosoyuz building ...