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Under this model, cancer arises as the result of a single, isolated event, rather than the slow accumulation of multiple mutations. [4] The exact function of some tumor suppressor genes is not currently known (e.g. MEN1, WT1), [5] but based on these genes following the Knudson "two-hit" hypothesis, they are strongly presumed to be suppressor genes.
Scientist Otto Warburg, whose research activities led to the formulation of the Warburg hypothesis for explaining the root cause of cancer.. The Warburg hypothesis (/ ˈ v ɑːr b ʊər ɡ /), sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer, postulates that the driver of carcinogenesis (cancer formation) is insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult (damage) to mitochondria. [1]
Planck's quote has been used by Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, Moran Cerf and others to argue scientific revolutions are non-rational, rather than spread through "mere force of truth and fact".
A Dweller on Two Planets, or The Dividing of the Way at Internet Archive A Dweller on Two Planets, or The Dividing of the Way is a book written by Frederick Spencer Oliver (1866–1899). The book was finished in 1886, typewritten and copyrighted in 1894, and again in 1899 owing to an addition.
The hallmarks of cancer were originally six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors and have since been increased to eight capabilities and two enabling capabilities. The idea was coined by Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg in their paper "The Hallmarks of Cancer" published January 2000 in Cell. [1]
Peto's paradox is the observation that, at the species level, the incidence of cancer does not appear to correlate with the number of cells in an organism. [1] For example, the incidence of cancer in humans is much higher than the incidence of cancer in whales, [2] despite whales having more cells than humans.
[4] [5] A tumor suppressor would trigger an apoptotic pathway in a cancer cell if there were DNA damage, polyploidy, or uncontrolled cell growth. Simultaneously, tumor cells need to upregulate oncogenes , which promote or cause downstream activation of growth factors and cell survival signals such as RAS, [ 6 ] Mitogen-activated protein kinase ...
It is primarily a review of Tropic of Cancer by Henry Miller with Orwell discoursing more widely over English literature in the 1920s and 1930s. The biblical story of Jonah and the whale is used as a metaphor for accepting experience without seeking to change it, Jonah inside the whale being comfortably protected from the problems of the ...