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Side effects of EEs include nausea, breast tension, edema, and breakthrough bleeding among others. [8] It is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. [5] [3] [4] EEs are a prodrug mainly of estradiol and to a lesser extent of equilin. [5] EEs were introduced for medical use by 1970 ...
Conjugated estrogens was introduced for medical use under the brand name Premarin in Canada in 1941, in the United States in 1942, and in the United Kingdom in 1956. [80] The manufacturer of Premarin secretly paid gynecologist Robert A. Wilson to promote its use by menopausal women in his 1966 book, Feminine Forever, leading to increased sales ...
Vaginal estrogen is a form of estrogen that is delivered by intravaginal administration.Vaginally administered estrogens are thereby exerting their effects mainly in the nearby tissue, with more limited systemic effects compared to orally administered estrogens. [1]
In addition to pills made with conjugated horse estrogens, a drug known as Premarin (an abbreviation of "pregnant mare urine"), which has been used for decades, the use of estradiol (the brand ...
Side effects of estradiol in women include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, headache, fluid retention, and nausea among others. [ 11 ] [ 20 ] Men and children who are exposed to estradiol may develop symptoms of feminization , such as breast development and a feminine pattern of fat distribution , and men may also experience low ...
For anyone who goes on a weight loss medication, “if they stay active, they exercise, they maintain good nutrition, that all can go a long way to preventing muscle loss and preserving muscle ...
[84] [85] [86] The preceding side effects of synthetic estrogens do not appear to occur in pregnant women, who already have very high estrogen levels. [84] This suggests that these effects are due to estrogenic activity. [84] Synthetic estrogens have markedly stronger effects on the liver and hepatic protein synthesis than natural estrogens.
More recently developed forms of drug delivery are alleged to have increased local effect lower dosing, fewer side effects, and constant rather than cyclical serum hormone levels. [1] [2] Transdermal and vaginal estrogen, in particular, avoid first pass metabolism through the liver. This in turn prevents an increase in clotting factors and ...