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In eukaryotes, the 5′ flanking region has a complex set of regulatory elements such as enhancers, silencers, and promoters. The primary promoter element in eukaryotes is the TATA box. Other promoter elements found in eukaryotic 5′ flanking regions include initiator elements, downstream core promoter element, CAAT box, and the GC box. [1]
In expression vectors, MCSs are positioned between a promoter and a terminator to regulate gene expression. The upstream promoter can be either constitutive or inducible, responding to specific chemical inducers, while the downstream terminator ensures proper transcriptional termination and enhances plasmid stability. [6]
The promoter resembles an eukaryotic one, though much simplified. It contains BRE and TATA elements and are recognized by TFB and TBP. [3] Promoters represent critical elements that can work in concert with other regulatory regions (enhancers, silencers, boundary elements/insulators) to direct the level of transcription of a given gene. A ...
The promoter region is a prime regulator of transcription. Promoter regions regulate transcription of all genes within bacteria. As a result of their involvement, the sequence of base pairs within the promoter region is significant; the more similar the promoter region is to the consensus sequence, the tighter RNA polymerase will be able to bind.
The loop is stabilized by one architectural protein anchored to the enhancer and one anchored to the promoter and these proteins are joined to form a dimer (red zigzags). Specific regulatory transcription factors bind to DNA sequence motifs on the enhancer. General transcription factors bind to the promoter.
In genetics, a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription. This sequence mediates transcriptional termination by providing signals in the newly synthesized transcript RNA that trigger processes which release the transcript RNA from the transcriptional ...
Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene.Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. [1] [2] In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene.
The Inr element for core promoters was found to be more prevalent than the TATA box in eukaryotic promoter domains. [11] In a study of 1800+ distinct human promoter sequences it was found that 49% contain the Inr element while 21.8% contain the TATA box. [11] Out of those sequences with the TATA box, 62% contained the Inr element as well.