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Many of these are degenerations in the pronunciation of names that originated in other languages. Sometimes a well-known namesake with the same spelling has a markedly different pronunciation. These are known as heterophonic names or heterophones (unlike heterographs , which are written differently but pronounced the same).
A non-derogable right is one whose infringement is not justified under any circumstances, generally right to life and freedom from torture, inhuman, ...
The voiceless dental plosive can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, t̪ and the postalveolar with a retraction line, t̠ , and the Extensions to the IPA have a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, t͇ . The [t] sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. [1]
For example, the noun increase and the verb increase are distinguished by the positioning of the stress on the first syllable in the former, and on the second syllable in the latter. (See initial-stress-derived noun.) Stressed syllables in English are louder than non-stressed syllables, as well as being longer and having a higher pitch.
The voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative is a consonantal sound. As the International Phonetic Alphabet does not have separate symbols for the post-alveolar consonants (the same symbol is used for all coronal places of articulation that are not palatalized ), this sound is usually transcribed ɹ̠̊˔ ( retracted constricted voiceless ...
The voiced palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɟ , a barred dotless j that was initially created by turning the type for a lowercase letter f .
A more obscure example is rng /ˈrʌŋ/, derived from ring by deleting the letter i . Vowelless proper names from other languages, such as the surname Ng, may retain their original spelling, even if they are pronounced with vowels.
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Ainu [citation needed]: フチ [ɸu̜tʃi] 'grandmother' Angor [citation needed]: fi [ɸi] 'body' Bengali: Eastern dialects: ফল [ɸɔl] 'fruit' Allophone of /f/ in some eastern dialects; regular allophone of /pʰ/ in western dialects