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The Kelvin water dropper, invented by Scottish scientist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) in 1867, [1] is a type of electrostatic generator. Kelvin referred to the device as his water-dropping condenser. The apparatus is variously called the Kelvin hydroelectric generator, the Kelvin electrostatic generator, or Lord Kelvin's thunderstorm.
The concept of an electrostatic generator in which charge is mechanically transported in small amounts into the interior of a high-voltage electrode originated with the Kelvin water dropper, invented in 1867 by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), [3] in which charged drops of water fall into a bucket with the same polarity charge, adding to the charge. [4]
Another type of charge can be produced during rapid solidification of water containing ions, which is called the Workman–Reynolds effect. [118] During the solidification the positive and negative ions may not be equally distributed between the liquid and solid. [119]
Electrostatic generators such as the Van de Graaff generator, and variations as the Pelletron, also find use in physics research. Electrostatic generators can be divided into categories depending on how the charge is generated: Friction machines use the triboelectric effect (electricity generated by contact or friction)
Graphical representation of an inductively coupled Marx generator, based on water capacitors.The blue is the water between the plates, and the balls in the central column are the spark gaps that break over to allow the capacitors to charge in parallel, and discharge rapidly in series.
Sailing boats may use a water- or wind-powered generator to trickle-charge the batteries. A small propeller, wind turbine or turbine is connected to a low-power generator to supply currents at typical wind or cruising speeds.
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An atmospheric water generator (AWG), is a device that extracts water from humid ambient air, producing potable water. Water vapor in the air can be extracted either by condensation - cooling the air below its dew point, exposing the air to desiccants, using membranes that only pass water vapor, collecting fog, [1] or pressurizing the air. AWGs ...
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