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Example of a web form with name-value pairs. A name–value pair, also called an attribute–value pair, key–value pair, or field–value pair, is a fundamental data representation in computing systems and applications. Designers often desire an open-ended data structure that allows for future extension without modifying existing code or data.
List (abstract data type) In computer science, a list or sequence is collection of items that are finite in number and in a particular order. An instance of a list is a computer representation of the mathematical concept of a tuple or finite sequence. A list may contain the same value more than once, and each occurrence is considered a distinct ...
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted A × B, is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is in A and b is in B. [1] In terms of set-builder notation, that is [2][3] A table can be created by taking the Cartesian product of a set of rows and a set of columns.
In mathematics, a permutation of a set can mean one of two different things: an arrangement of its members in a sequence or linear order, or. the act or process of changing the linear order of an ordered set. [ 1 ] An example of the first meaning is the six permutations (orderings) of the set {1, 2, 3}: written as tuples, they are (1, 2, 3), (1 ...
Sorting algorithm. Merge sort. In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending.
For any pair of positive integers n and k, the number of k-tuples of positive integers whose sum is n is equal to the number of (k − 1)-element subsets of a set with n − 1 elements. For example, if n = 10 and k = 4, the theorem gives the number of solutions to x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 10 (with x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4 > 0) as the binomial coefficient
Enumerated type. In computer programming, an enumerated type (also called enumeration, enum, or factor in the R programming language, and a categorical variable in statistics) is a data type consisting of a set of named values called elements, members, enumeral, or enumerators of the type. The enumerator names are usually identifiers that ...
In mathematics, a multiset (or bag, or mset) is a modification of the concept of a set that, unlike a set, [1] allows for multiple instances for each of its elements. The number of instances given for each element is called the multiplicity of that element in the multiset. As a consequence, an infinite number of multisets exist that contain ...