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Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, [ 2 ] is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. [ 3 ][ 4 ][ 5 ] Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid (gastric reflux) into the esophagus. It is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [ 6 ]
Acid reflux into the mouth can cause breakdown of the enamel, especially on the inside surface of the teeth. A dry mouth, acid or burning sensation in the mouth, bad breath and redness of the palate may occur. [27] Less common symptoms of GERD include difficulty in swallowing, water brash, chronic cough, hoarse voice, nausea and vomiting. [26]
A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia [2] is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest. [1] [3] This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms such as a taste of acid in the back of the mouth or heartburn.
Kidney disease, or renal disease, technically referred to as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory kidney disease.
A gastrointestinal cocktail, (also known as a GI cocktail or gastric cocktail), is a mixture of medications used to treat symptoms of dyspepsia. [ 1 ] The GI cocktail generally contains a mixture of viscous lidocaine, an antacid, and an anticholinergic. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The GI cocktail is commonly prescribed in the hospital or emergency department ...
An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, indigestion, or an upset stomach. [ 1 ] Some antacids have been used in the treatment of constipation and diarrhea. [ 2 ] Marketed antacids contain salts of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, or sodium. [ 2 ] Some preparations contain a combination of two ...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of months to years, or abnormal kidney structure (with normal function). [ 2 ][ 5 ] Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting ...
Famotidine. Famotidine, sold under the brand name Pepcid among others, is a histamine H 2 receptor antagonist medication that decreases stomach acid production. [4] It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. [4] It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. [4]