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The plastic section modulus is used to calculate a cross-section's capacity to resist bending after yielding has occurred across the entire section. It is used for determining the plastic, or full moment, strength and is larger than the elastic section modulus, reflecting the section's strength beyond the elastic range.
In structural engineering, the plastic moment (M p) is a property of a structural section. It is defined as the moment at which the entire cross section has reached its yield stress . This is theoretically the maximum bending moment that the section can resist – when this point is reached a plastic hinge is formed and any load beyond this ...
In 1820, the French engineer A. Duleau derived analytically that the torsion constant of a beam is identical to the second moment of area normal to the section J zz, which has an exact analytic equation, by assuming that a plane section before twisting remains planar after twisting, and a diameter remains a straight line.
is the cross section area. is the elastic modulus. is the shear modulus. is the second moment of area., called the Timoshenko shear coefficient, depends on the geometry. Normally, = / for a rectangular section.
is the elastic modulus and is the second moment of area of the beam's cross section. I {\\displaystyle I} must be calculated with respect to the axis which is perpendicular to the applied loading. [ N 1 ] Explicitly, for a beam whose axis is oriented along x {\\displaystyle x} with a loading along z {\\displaystyle z} , the beam's cross section ...
Using this equation it is possible to calculate the bending stress at any point on the beam cross section regardless of moment orientation or cross-sectional shape. Note that M y , M z , I y , I z , I y z {\displaystyle M_{y},M_{z},I_{y},I_{z},I_{yz}} do not change from one point to another on the cross section.
Flexural modulus measurement For a 3-point test of a rectangular beam behaving as an isotropic linear material, where w and h are the width and height of the beam, I is the second moment of area of the beam's cross-section, L is the distance between the two outer supports, and d is the deflection due to the load F applied at the middle of the ...
Torsion of a square section bar Example of torsion mechanics. In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque [1] [2].Torsion could be defined as strain [3] [4] or angular deformation [5], and is measured by the angle a chosen section is rotated from its equilibrium position [6].