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Nowadays the brand name is used by 3M for a line of American-made products for automotive, marine and household repairs. [1] [2] The term Bondo is trademarked by 3M, but is commonly used to refer to any brand of automotive repair putty due to its popularity. [3] [4] It is also used by sculptors. [5]
Either oil-based or water-based materials are used for glazing walls, depending upon the desired effect. Kerosene or linseed oil may be used to extend the "open" or working time of oil-based glazes. Water-based glazes are sometimes thinned with glycerin or another wetting agent to extend the working time. In general, water glazes are best ...
In water, the glass rods are visible because the refractive index of water is different for water and glass. In the oil, however, the glass rods seem to disappear because they have a refractive index very similar to that of glass, so the light does not bend as it crosses the glass/oil interface. [6]
However, their handling is slightly different: when thinned with water to a considerably liquid phase, water miscible oil paint tends to feel and behave like watercolor (although, unlike watercolor, and to a greater extent than traditional oil, it may lose adhesion to the ground or support if over-thinned); by contrast, when used as a short ...
By hand, the process involves first mixing the paint pigment with the linseed oil to a crumbly mass on a glass or marble slab. Then, a small amount at a time is ground between the slab and a glass muller (a round, flat-bottomed glass instrument with a handgrip). Pigment and oil are ground together 'with patience' until a smooth, ultra-fine ...
alkyd ground is made of "oil-modified alkyd resin" (oil is added to improve drying) and are in use since the 1960s. Titanium white is used for color; oil ground was a lean lead-based primer, no longer used due to being a health hazard, modern "oil ground" is actually alkyd; genuine gesso ground is a lean ground typically used on top of the boards;
Silicone grease is widely used as a temporary sealant and a lubricant for interconnecting ground glass joints, as is typically used in laboratory glassware.Although silicones are normally assumed to be chemically inert, several historically significant compounds have resulted from unintended reactions with silicones.
Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs made the first attempts to create paints with water glass. Around 1850, the painters Kaulbach and Schlotthauer applied facade paints of the Pinakothek in Munich. Due to use of earth pigments, which cannot be silicated, the paintings washed out of the water glass. In 1878, the craftsman and researcher Adolf Wilhelm Keim ...