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As in modern English, there was a distinction in Old English between stressed and unstressed syllables. Stress typically could be found only on the first or leftmost syllable of a root morpheme. In morphologically simple words, this is equivalent to the first syllable of the word: e.g. yfel 'evil', [158] pronounced [ˈyvel]. Non-initial ...
Stress is a prominent feature of the English language, both at the level of the word (lexical stress) and at the level of the phrase or sentence (prosodic stress).Absence of stress on a syllable, or on a word in some cases, is frequently associated in English with vowel reduction – many such syllables are pronounced with a centralized vowel or with certain other vowels that are described as ...
Stressed antepenultimate syllables are always written with that accent mark, as in árabe. If the last syllable is stressed, the accent mark is used if the word ends in the letters n, s, or a vowel, as in está. If the penultimate syllable is stressed, the accent is used if the word ends in any other letter, as in cárcel.
Stress is often reinforced by allophonic vowel length, especially when it is lexical. For example, French long vowels are always in stressed syllables. Finnish, a language with two phonemic lengths, indicates the stress by adding allophonic length, which gives four distinctive lengths and five physical lengths: short and long stressed vowels, short and long unstressed vowels, and a half-long ...
Indicating the number of stressed syllables in certain lines: AA 4 B 2 CC 4 or AA 4 B 2 CC 4; Some publications use lowercase or have punctuation to separate lines or stanzas, e.g. abba cdcd or a-b-b-a,c-d-c-d. (These variations are not used elsewhere in this article, for clarity.) Notable rhyme schemes and forms that use specific rhyme schemes:
That is, stressed syllables tend to appear with a more or less regular rhythm, while non-stressed syllables are shortened to accommodate this. For example, in the sentence One make of car is better than another, the syllables one, make, car, bett-and -noth-will be stressed and relatively long, while the other syllables will be considerably shorter.
Instead, it is the strong grade that was modified: single consonants were lengthened into half-long in the strong grade, geminate consonants were lengthened to overlong. It only applies in consonants at the end of a stressed syllable; consonants following unstressed syllables remain unlengthened and do not show grade alternations.
Only stressed syllables can alliterate (though "stressed" includes any syllable that counts as an upbeat in poetic meter, [15] [16] such as the syllable long in James Thomson's verse "Come . . . dragging the lazy languid line along".) The repetition of syllable-initial vowels functions as alliteration, regardless of which vowels are used. [17]
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