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Directed graph showing the orbits of small numbers under the Collatz map, skipping even numbers. The Collatz conjecture states that all paths eventually lead to 1. The Collatz conjecture [a] is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics.
The star graphs K 1,3, K 1,4, K 1,5, and K 1,6. A complete bipartite graph of K 4,7 showing that Turán's brick factory problem with 4 storage sites (yellow spots) and 7 kilns (blue spots) requires 18 crossings (red dots) For any k, K 1,k is called a star. [2] All complete bipartite graphs which are trees are stars. The graph K 1,3 is called a ...
A graph is planar if it contains as a subdivision neither the complete bipartite graph K 3,3 nor the complete graph K 5. Another problem in subdivision containment is the Kelmans–Seymour conjecture: Every 5-vertex-connected graph that is not planar contains a subdivision of the 5-vertex complete graph K 5.
The Heawood graph is bipartite. In the mathematical field of graph theory, a bipartite graph (or bigraph) is a graph whose vertices can be divided into two disjoint and independent sets and , that is, every edge connects a vertex in to one in . Vertex sets and are usually called the parts of the graph.
An example graph, with the properties of being planar and being connected, and with order 6, size 7, diameter 3, girth 3, vertex connectivity 1, and degree sequence <3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1> In graph theory, a graph property or graph invariant is a property of graphs that depends only on the abstract structure, not on graph representations such as ...
The degree sequence of an undirected graph is the non-increasing sequence of its vertex degrees; [5] for the above graph it is (5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 0). The degree sequence is a graph invariant, so isomorphic graphs have the same degree sequence. However, the degree sequence does not, in general, uniquely identify a graph; in some cases, non ...
Component (graph theory) In graph theory, a component of an undirected graph is a connected subgraph that is not part of any larger connected subgraph. The components of any graph partition its vertices into disjoint sets, and are the induced subgraphs of those sets. A graph that is itself connected has exactly one component, consisting of the ...
These graphs include the complete graph K 6, the Petersen graph, the graph formed by removing an edge from the complete bipartite graph K 4,4, and the complete tripartite graph K 3,3,1. Every planar graph has a flat and linkless embedding: simply embed the graph into a plane and embed the plane into space. If a graph is planar, this is the only ...