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Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes.
Crossover interference is the term used to refer to the non-random placement of crossovers with respect to each other during meiosis.The term is attributed to Hermann Joseph Muller, who observed that one crossover "interferes with the coincident occurrence of another crossing over in the same pair of chromosomes, and I have accordingly termed this phenomenon ‘interference’."
The recombination frequency between two loci observed is the crossing-over value. It is the frequency of crossing over between two linked gene loci , and depends on the distance between the genetic loci observed.
Crossing over during meiosis, with chiasma shown. In genetics , a chiasma ( pl. : chiasmata ) is the point of contact, the physical link, between two (non-sister) chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes .
There is controversy over whether homologous recombination occurs in negative-sense ssRNA viruses like influenza. [89] In RNA viruses, homologous recombination can be either precise or imprecise. In the precise type of RNA-RNA recombination, there is no difference between the two parental RNA sequences and the resulting crossover RNA region.
Unequal crossing over is the process most responsible for creating regional gene duplications in the genome. [1] Repeated rounds of unequal crossing over cause the homogenization of the two sequences. With the increase in the duplicates, unequal crossing over can lead to dosage imbalance in the genome and can be highly deleterious. [1] [2]
The Mills Corp. took over Tuttle Crossing in 2003. Four years later, the mall became part of the Simon Property Group. Tuttle's reign as the king of Columbus retail was short lived.
In genetics, the crossover value is the linked frequency of chromosomal crossover between two gene loci ().For a fixed set of genetic and environmental conditions, recombination in a particular region of a linkage structure tends to be constant and the same is then true for the crossover value which is used in the production of genetic maps.