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Lakota (Lakȟótiyapi [laˈkˣɔtɪjapɪ]), also referred to as Lakhota, Teton or Teton Sioux, is a Siouan language spoken by the Lakota people of the Sioux tribes. Lakota is mutually intelligible with the two dialects of the Dakota language, especially Western Dakota, and is one of the three major varieties of the Sioux language.
By 2010 the number of Lakota had increased to more than 170,000, [11] of whom about 2,000 still spoke the Lakota language (Lakȟótiyapi). [ 12 ] After 1720, the Lakota branch of the Seven Council Fires split into two major sects, the Saône, who moved to the Lake Traverse area on the South Dakota–North Dakota–Minnesota border, and the ...
Globally, there are currently only 2,000 Lakota language speakers, and fewer than 1,000 at Pine Ridge. [117] The age of the average Lakota speaker is 60, making it a "critically endangered" language. [118] [119] In the fall of 2012, a new program was founded to combat the loss of the language and create a young generation of fluent Lakota speakers.
The list of language families, isolates, and unclassified languages below is a rather conservative one based on Campbell (1997). Many of the proposed (and often speculative) groupings of families can be seen in Campbell (1997), Gordon (2005), Kaufman (1990, 1994), Key (1979), Loukotka (1968), and in the Language stock proposals section below.
They are closely related to the Catawban languages, sometimes called Eastern Siouan, and together with them constitute the Siouan (Siouan–Catawban) language family. Linguistic and historical records indicate a possible southern origin of the Siouan people, with migrations over a thousand years ago from North Carolina and Virginia to Ohio .
Rice, Julian. 1984. "How Lakota Stories Keep the Spirit and Feed the Ghost." American Indian Quarterly 8.4: 331–47. Rice, Julian. 1989. Lakota Storytelling: Black Elk, Ella Deloria, and Frank Fools Crow. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 0-8204-0774-7. Rice, Julian. 1992. "Narrative Styles in Dakota Texts," in On the Translation of Native American ...
Sitting Bull, a Hunkpapa Lakota leader, was one of the principal Sioux leaders. View of canyon at Wounded Knee, dead horses and Lakota bodies are visible. Opening of portion of Great Sioux reservation between White and Cheyenne rivers. Messiah war. Sitting Bull killed. Battle of Wounded Knee. Pine Ridge Campaign, 1890–1891
The Lakota Oral histories tell of them driving the Algonquian ancestors of the Cheyenne from the Black Hills regions, south of the Platte River, in the 18th century. [14] Before that, the Cheyenne say that they were, in fact, two tribes, which they call the Tsitsistas & Sutaio [ 15 ] After their defeat, much of their territory was contained to ...