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The boolean values True and False were added to the language in Python 2.2.1 as constants (subclassed from 1 and 0) and were changed to be full blown keywords in Python 3. The binary comparison operators such as == and > return either True or False. The boolean operators and and or use minimal evaluation.
Python's is operator may be used to compare object identities (comparison by reference), and comparisons may be chained—for example, a <= b <= c. Python uses and, or, and not as Boolean operators. Python has a type of expression named a list comprehension, and a more general expression named a generator expression. [78] Anonymous functions ...
Here, the list [0..] represents , x^2>3 represents the predicate, and 2*x represents the output expression.. List comprehensions give results in a defined order (unlike the members of sets); and list comprehensions may generate the members of a list in order, rather than produce the entirety of the list thus allowing, for example, the previous Haskell definition of the members of an infinite list.
A parsing expression is a kind of pattern that each string may either match or not match.In case of a match, there is a unique prefix of the string (which may be the whole string, the empty string, or something in between) which has been consumed by the parsing expression; this prefix is what one would usually think of as having matched the expression.
In a purely functional language, the only dependencies between computations are data dependencies, and computations are deterministic. Therefore, to program in parallel, the programmer need only specify the pieces that should be computed in parallel, and the runtime can handle all other details such as distributing tasks to processors, managing synchronization and communication, and collecting ...
Similarly, the idea of immutable data from functional programming is often included in imperative programming languages, [108] for example the tuple in Python, which is an immutable array, and Object.freeze() in JavaScript. [109]
Functional and logic compilers often use CPS as an intermediate representation where a compiler for an imperative or procedural programming language would use static single assignment form (SSA). [4] SSA is formally equivalent to a subset of CPS (excluding non-local control flow, which does not occur when CPS is used as intermediate ...
For example the programmer might be constructing a parser, which is to return an intermediate result, or else signal a condition which the parser has detected, and which the programmer must also handle. With just a little extra functional spice on top, this Maybe type transforms into a fully-featured monad. [c]: 12.3 pages 148–151