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This synthesis method is relevant to the generation of nitrosamines under some biological conditions. [10] The nitrosation is also reversible, particularly in acidic solutions of nucleophiles. [11] Aryl nitrosamines rearrange to give a para-nitroso aryl amine in the Fischer-Hepp rearrangement. [12]
Structural formula of nitroso group. In organic chemistry, nitroso refers to a functional group in which the nitric oxide (−N=O) group is attached to an organic moiety.As such, various nitroso groups can be categorized as C-nitroso compounds (e.g., nitrosoalkanes; R−N=O), S-nitroso compounds (nitrosothiols; RS−N=O), N-nitroso compounds (e.g., nitrosamines, RN(−R’)−N=O), and O ...
An alternative possible formation of diazonium and carbenium ions is through the enzymatic reaction of nitrosamines. [ 5 ] Typical accompanying symptoms during the medical cancer treatment via N -nitroso ureas are the impairment of bone marrow (damage of the stem cell compartment), lymphatic tissue and the gastrointestinal tract.
Indeed, (meta)stable nitrosation products (alkyl nitrites or nitrosamines) can also nitrosate under such conditions; and the equilibria can be driven in any desired direction. Absent a driving force, thionitrosos form out of nitrosamines, which form out of nitrite esters, which form out of nitrous acid. [3]
Several methods have been described for the production of aryl hydroxylamines from aryl nitro compounds: Raney nickel and hydrazine at 0-10 °C [15] Electrolytic reduction [16] Zinc metal in aqueous ammonium chloride [17] Catalytic Rhodium on carbon with excess hydrazine monohydrate at room temperature [18]
One of the most important uses of the Sandmeyer reaction is the formation of aryl halides. The solvent of choice for the synthesis of iodoarenes is diiodomethane, [17] [18] while for the synthesis of bromoarenes, bromoform is used. For the synthesis of chloroarenes, chloroform is the solvent of choice. [19]
Alpha amino acid synthesis. One of the most attractive features of the Petasis reaction is the stability of the vinyl boronic acids. With the advent of the Suzuki coupling, many are commercially available. organoboronic acid synthesis. Other methods of generating boronic acids were also reported. [8] [9]
where Ar is an aryl group. Such salts are widely used in organic synthesis, e.g., for the Sandmeyer reaction and in the preparation azo dyes, brightly colored compounds that are the basis of a qualitative test for anilines. [9] Nitrous acid is used to destroy toxic and potentially explosive sodium azide.