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Under typical physiological conditions, acetoacetic acid exists as its conjugate base, acetoacetate: AcCH 2 CO 2 H → AcCH 2 CO − 2 + H + Unbound acetoacetate is primarily produced by liver mitochondria from its thioester with coenzyme A (CoA): AcCH 2 C(O)−CoA + OH − → AcCH 2 CO − 2 + H−CoA. The acetoacetate-CoA itself is formed by ...
Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules or compounds that contain the ketone groups produced from fatty acids by the liver (ketogenesis). [1] [2] Ketone bodies are readily transported into tissues outside the liver, where they are converted into acetyl-CoA (acetyl-Coenzyme A) – which then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and is oxidized for energy.
When 4-maleylacetoacetate isomerase is unable to function properly, the 4-maleylacetoacetate may be converted instead to succinylacetoacetate and further broken down into succinate and acetoacetate by fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase. [3] This image shows the pathway that 4-maleylacetoacetate follows when 4-maleylacetoacetate isomerase is not present.
The enzyme acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.11) catalyzes the reaction . acetoacetyl-CoA + H 2 O CoA + acetoacetate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds.
In enzymology, an acetoacetate—CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.16) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. ATP + acetoacetate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + acetoacetyl-CoA. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, acetoacetate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and acetoacetyl-CoA.
In enzymology, a butyrate-acetoacetate CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. butanoyl-CoA + acetoacetate butanoate + acetoacetyl-CoA. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are butanoyl-CoA and acetoacetate, whereas its two products are butanoate and acetoacetyl-CoA.
Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; ... Succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase catalyzes the transfer of coenzyme A from succinyl-coenzyme A to acetoacetate.
Acetoacetyl-CoA also behaves as a product of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) within the cytosol, using acetoacetate as the substrate, the reaction provides acetyl groups for lipogenesis. [8] Understanding acetoacetyl-CoA is important in cholesterol development and lipogenesis and Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase playing a role in its development ...