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  2. Assimilation and contrast effects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_and_contrast...

    Depending on how the individual categorizes information, contrast effects can occur as well. The more specific or extreme the context stimuli were in comparison to the target stimulus, the more likely contrast effects were to occur. The term assimilation effect appears in the field of social comparison theory as well.

  3. Contrast effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast_effect

    A contrast effect is the enhancement or diminishment, relative to normal, of perception, cognition or related performance as a result of successive (immediately previous) or simultaneous exposure to a stimulus of lesser or greater value in the same dimension. (Here, normal perception, cognition or performance is that which would be obtained in ...

  4. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, focus on and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions. [32] There are multiple other cognitive biases which involve or are types of confirmation bias: Backfire effect, a tendency to react to disconfirming evidence by strengthening one's previous beliefs. [33]

  5. Reciprocity (social psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Reciprocity_(social_psychology)

    Contrast Effect: The smaller request appears more reasonable when compared to the larger one. [33] Mutual concession is a procedure that can promote compromise in a group so that individuals can refocus their efforts toward achieving a common goal. Reciprocal concessions promote compromise in a group so that the initial and incompatible desires ...

  6. Cultural bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_bias

    Cultural bias has no a priori definition. [clarification needed] Instead, its presence is inferred from differential performance of socioracial (e.g., Blacks, Whites), ethnic (e.g., Latinos/Latinas, Anglos), or national groups (e.g., Americans, Japanese) on measures of psychological constructs such as cognitive abilities, knowledge or skills (CAKS), or symptoms of psychopathology (e.g ...

  7. Selective perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_perception

    Selective perception may refer to any number of cognitive biases in psychology related to the way expectations affect perception.Human judgment and decision making is distorted by an array of cognitive, perceptual and motivational biases, and people tend not to recognise their own bias, though they tend to easily recognise (and even overestimate) the operation of bias in human judgment by ...

  8. Social comparison bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_comparison_bias

    Social comparison bias is the tendency to have feelings of dislike and competitiveness with someone seen as physically, socially, or mentally better than oneself. Social comparison bias or social comparison theory is the idea that individuals determine their own worth based on how they compare to others.

  9. Social comparison theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_comparison_theory

    Social comparison theory, initially proposed by social psychologist Leon Festinger in 1954, [1] centers on the belief that individuals drive to gain accurate self-evaluations. The theory explains how individuals evaluate their opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others to reduce uncertainty in these domains and learn how to define ...